The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI. However, the crystallography of variant pairs derived in terms of rank-1 connection (described by Eq. (2)) and the corresponding ...

Ever since its introduction in 2003 1, the quenching and partitioning (Q&P) processing has attracted increasing interest for developing advanced high strength steels 2,3,4,5,6. By virtue of the ...

Duplex stainless steels are typically known to have a dualphase microstructure that contains both ferrite and austenite grains. This so-called microstructure offers a uniquely beneficial combination ...

TRIP steels have a microstructure consisting of at least five volume percent of retained austenite, which is embedded in a primary ferrite matrix. The microstructure also contains hard phases like ...

Retained austenite plays a crucial role in determining the hardness, toughness, and strength of martensitic steel alloys. The quenching of these alloys forms a hard martensitic phase, but incomplete ...