Preclinical studies on animals have identified brain pathways that drive quick, protective fear responses to "scary" sounds. Emmanouela Kosteletou-Kassotaki and colleagues, from the University of ...

Understanding how the brain works requires more than studying single regions in isolation. The cerebral cortex depends on long-distance connections that link specialized areas into coordinated ...

New peer-reviewed research from University College Cork traces how voluntary exercise reshapes tryptophan metabolism through the gut microbiota, lowering a key receptor in the memory center of the ...

In recent years scientists have identified hundreds of different genes associated with autism, a burst of discovery that has prompted a new and perplexing question: how can so many different genes ...

A new study from Texas A&M University offers one of the clearest answers yet, identifying a direct connection inside the brain that links stress to addiction‑related behaviors. The work shows how ...

Scientists discovered that sleep deprivation damages a key brain circuit responsible for social memory, making it harder to recognize familiar individuals. In laboratory studies, caffeine restored ...

Scientists have identified a protective brain pathway that may help slow the progression of Parkinson's disease by strengthening the brain's own dopamine-producing neurons, but the positive effect was ...