Directional Overcurrent Relay (DOCR) coordination has become an increasingly important problem in modern distribution networks, where growing system complexity and high fault-current variability ...

Due to the rise in power consumption in recent years, the rated capacity of the power system has increased, resulting in an increase in the presence of Distributed Generators (DGs) in electrical ...

The objective of protective relays and protective schemes is to protect electrical equipment such as transformers, lines, cables, bus bars, etc. during abnormal system conditions. Hence, protective ...