Carol M. Kopp edits features on a wide range of subjects for Investopedia, including investing, personal finance, retirement planning, taxes, business management, and career development. Thomas J ...

People who own shares of common stock in a publicly traded entity or may be considering purchasing or issuing common stock from a small, private company need to understand its valuation. The actual ...

Investing is a numbers game, and there are dozens upon dozens of numbers to know. There are so many numbers, in fact, it can be a bit overwhelming. This is especially true when you get into technical ...

When you filed your private company's articles of incorporation with the secretary of state, you listed the types of stock and the number of authorized shares. If your incorporating state required it, ...

Par value is the face value of a security. Both stocks and bonds have a par value, which is set by the issuer of the security. Par value remains fixed for the life of a security, unlike market value, ...