Abstract: This paper presents dynamic modeling of an innovative contractible ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMC) actuator with a helical configuration. The helical shaped IPMC actuator is fabricated ...

Broilers ingest nutrients, including carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. Chemical energy is released and converted into usable energy for tissues and cells to maintain their vital functions. Accurate ...

Part of Chemistry (Single Science) Unit 2: Further chemical reactions, rates and equilibrium, calculations and organic chemistry ...